EFFECT OF FLOODING ON CHOLERA TRANSMISSION AND OUTBREAK PATTERNS IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Flooding remains an important environmental factor influencing the emergence and spread of cholera outbreaks in vulnerable communities. This study assessed the effect of flooding on cholera transmission and outbreak patterns in Kogi State, Nigeria. A retrospective ecological study design was adopted using reported cholera surveillance records, flood occurrence data, and environmental health reports from selected local government areas of the state between 2018 and 2024. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, trend analysis, and correlation analysis to examine relationships between flood events and cholera occurrence. The study recorded increased cholera cases during periods of extensive flooding, particularly in riverine and low-lying communities along the Niger and Benue River corridors. Flood years were associated with increased contamination of water sources, disruption of sanitation facilities, and higher frequency of suspected cholera outbreaks. The findings showed a significant association between flood exposure and increased cholera transmission patterns. The study concluded that flooding contributes substantially to cholera vulnerability in Kogi State by increasing exposure to contaminated water and weakening existing sanitation systems. Strengthening flood preparedness, safe water provision, disease surveillance, and community-based sanitation interventions is recommended to reduce future outbreaks.