EFFECT OF IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN KANO METROPOLIS, KANO STATE

Abstract

This study examined the effect of improper waste disposal on groundwater quality in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria. Groundwater is a major source of domestic water supply in the study area due to inadequate public water provision, but its quality is increasingly threatened by uncontrolled urban waste disposal practices. A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical research design was adopted. Groundwater samples were collected from boreholes and wells located near dumpsites and from control locations farther away from waste disposal sites. Physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters were analyzed in accordance with standard laboratory procedures and compared with World Health Organization drinking water standards. The results revealed that groundwater sources located near dumpsites exhibited higher levels of turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and colour compared to control sites. Chemical analysis showed elevated concentrations of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium in some samples near dumpsites, with values exceeding permissible limits. Microbiological analysis indicated the presence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in groundwater near waste disposal areas, suggesting faecal contamination. The Water Quality Index further confirmed that groundwater close to dumpsites was of poor quality relative to control areas. The study concluded that improper waste disposal significantly contributes to groundwater contamination in Kano Metropolis, posing environmental and public health risks. It recommended improved waste management systems, strict enforcement of environmental regulations, proper siting of wells, and routine groundwater quality monitoring.