EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS B AND C AMONG UNDERSERVED RURAL POPULATIONS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections remain important causes of chronic liver disease worldwide, with a disproportionate burden among populations experiencing limited access to healthcare services. This study assessed the epidemiology of hepatitis B and C infections among underserved rural populations in Benue State, Nigeria. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults residing in selected rural communities across three senatorial districts of the state. Blood samples were collected and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies using rapid diagnostic methods, with reactive samples confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sociodemographic characteristics, behavioural factors, healthcare access, and possible routes of exposure were assessed using structured questionnaires. The study recorded measurable prevalence of both HBV and HCV infections among participants, with HBV occurring more frequently than HCV. Higher infection rates were observed among individuals with previous exposure to unsafe medical procedures, limited awareness of viral hepatitis, and inadequate access to preventive health services. The findings demonstrate that rural populations in Benue State remain vulnerable to viral hepatitis transmission due to gaps in screening, vaccination coverage, and health education. Strengthening community-based testing, hepatitis B vaccination programmes, and rural healthcare delivery is recommended to reduce the burden of viral hepatitis.