POLITICAL AND CULTURAL POLARIZATION AS BARRIERS TO LOCAL DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF AKPUGO COMMUNITY IN NKANU WEST, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study examines how political and cultural polarization influence local development outcomes in Akpugo community, Nkanu West Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. While development challenges in rural areas are often attributed to material constraints, this research shifts attention to internal social dynamics that shape collective action. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 281 respondents through structured questionnaires and supported with key informant interviews. Findings from the quantitative analysis, conducted using SPSS Version 21, indicate that political polarization has a strong negative effect on development outcomes (β = -0.44), while cultural polarization also contributes significantly to reduced participation and cooperation (β = -0.29). In contrast, social capital shows a positive and significant relationship with development (β = 0.51), highlighting the importance of trust and collaboration. These statistical patterns are reinforced by qualitative insights, where respondents consistently linked stalled projects and low participation to leadership disputes, perceived exclusion, and lack of trust. The study observes that development initiatives are often interpreted through group affiliations, with community members more likely to support projects they perceive as inclusive. Where divisions persist, cooperation becomes selective, and collective efforts weaken. The paper therefore argues that development in such contexts is not solely a question of resources but is deeply shaped by social relationships and governance structures. Addressing these underlying dynamics is essential for achieving sustainable community development.